Positive Birth After Birth Trauma

Here we are, in the middle of birth trauma awareness week 2019 and I realised that as important as the subject is for people to recognise and talk about, it’s also pretty important for people to know that it can get better and it doesn’t have to affect you forever.

Now, I’ll preface all of this with I was a bit of a dick and went for the head in the sand approach to birth trauma management. Personally and professionally I recommend that you go for a slightly more structured approach that has better success rates! Although having written that I guess I need to be as compassionate to myself as I would to someone else telling me this story. I did try and get help after my first was born; I waved bright red flags at the Health Visitors but one ignored my sobbing and left the house, and others didn’t have the depth of understanding of me to know that I wasn’t fine (and I don’t blame them for that, I blame the system which doesn’t have the continuity of health care that means you’re not just a name on a list of visits or appointments that day). I specifically made an appointment to try and get support from a GP before getting pregnant again and was basically laughed at saying I need to get pregnant first and then I can be referred to the mental health midwife. I spoke about this in my birth trauma video at the beginning of the week but that’s not helpful. For some it would be the difference between having more children and not. The ignoring of people when they stick their hand up and say they’re struggling has to stop. During pregnancy number 3 I told my booking in midwife I was experiencing high levels of anxiety and she said “don’t worry, I won’t write it in your notes just in case”. Just in case what? Just in case I get help?!

Anyway, there I was. Other avenues could have been explored but I went full-blown ostrich instead. Got pregnant, tried to block out the fact I needed to actually give birth. In writing this blog post I’ve tried to remember being pregnant and I can’t. I can remember being pregnant with the first, remember the third but there’s not one single memory I have of me actually being pregnant with my middle child. I experienced panic attacks in the hospital during appointments because the NHS still hadn’t caught up to person-centred care, so I decided to have a home birth with a doula in attendance (for which I’ll forever be grateful to the friends who paid for it for me) and during my “if there aren’t enough midwives to come to you” talk I made it clear I flat out refused to go to that hospital if midwives couldn’t come to me or I needed to be transferred. And it was around that point that I’d got it clear in my head that I wouldn’t have to go to the source of my traumatic event no matter what – which I firmly believed, even if the midwifery staff didn’t – that my attitude to my pregnancy began to change. I could relax into it.

All of that is a fairly long contextual prelude to what came next. Knowing I had the safety blanket of someone to step in and advocate for what I wanted I was able to let go for labour. I was at peace that she’d arrive when she was ready to arrive and, although I’d known what I’d wanted and hadn’t wanted out of my birth the first time, I didn’t have an understanding of how I could help myself achieve that. I was told or read what interventions existed but never how to help avoid them, or even how they’d impact on my ability to give birth. I never knew how crucially important being calm was. We’re sold the idea that ‘what will be will be, accept what happens’ in labour and it couldn’t be further from the truth – things might happen that we hadn’t anticipated but arming yourself with the tools to decision-make through the unexpected puts control back into your hands.

And that’s the crux of it, for me. I felt in control this time. My house, my rules. I hadn’t devolved responsibility or authority to anyone else because I wasn’t on their turf. I hadn’t handed over my labour to people wearing an ‘hello my name is’ badge simply because they were the trained professionals. I was responsible for my decisions and my actions, in a way that never felt true for my first birth. I owned the house and they were my visitors and that had to be respected, and I was treated in a much more respectful way from those who attended me, unlike in the hospital where doctors felt that it was appropriate to walk into a labouring woman’s room without knocking, without introducing themselves, while she was trying to use a bedpan kneeling on a bed after taking opiates. Whether this was the beginnings of change away from paternalistic healthcare over the intervening years, striking lucky with who was on duty or a different dynamic from being at home I don’t know, but it definitely helped. I mean, I guess not owning a bedpan also helped!

As well as this shift in the dynamics of who was present, one of the other things that helped me was going in labour knowing I’d considered what would happen in different scenarios, something I’d not done for the first birth. I think this was likely the beginning of my birth flow chart theory! Instead of a black and white view of what I didn’t want with, crucially, no real understanding of what my alternatives were or how to find out, I knew what alternatives were available for different things that might crop up and I was reassured that I, my husband, and my doula were able to get that information if we got into a situation that needed it. Knowing that there were people positively primed to be the labour breakwater and stop a situation escalating was priceless.

Home birth isn’t for everyone, but for me staying at home and the extra support coming to me instead of me going to it meant that I didn’t have the huge break in oxytocin during the travel time which is where the fear was really allowed to set in during my first birth experience. It almost goes without saying that a calmer, less fearful labour is going to help not replicate the events of the first time round.

After a 7 hour labour during which I was described as “zen”, my daughter was calmly and quietly born in the water in a darkened room arriving en caul. A far cry from the screaming purple baby born under the strip lights of a huge labour ward suite observed by dozens. I immediately described her birth as healing. I still do. It made me realise that birth really is magical, that our bodies do know what to do and that we really, really need to listen to women. My emotional scars took 3 years to heal, but they healed the moment she came into this world (2nd degree tear and all!). So much so I opted to do it again 4 years later and, although this time it wasn’t a healing experience, it was even more beautiful and joyous than I’d experienced before.

Image adapted by Natalie Dean

Breastfeeding, And Why Smugness Came Before A Fall

This was originally written for Professor Amy Brown who was compiling one of her books. I don’t think it’s been used in print and I’ve re-discovered it on my hard drive so I thought I’d share here.

When I got pregnant with my first child I went into research-mode and looked for THE best way to do every single aspect of pregnancy and baby-care. (Unfortunately, I was also a smug first-time mom to be and didn’t hold back in telling everyone why my way was going to be THE best way and questioning why on earth wasn’t everyone doing the same as me. God I cringe so hard. Sorry, everybody I came into contact with then!)

A huge part of this was, of course, how I was going to feed my baby. Breast is best hun, so despite having no clue whatsoever of what breastfeeding entailed I decided that was that and I was going to breastfeed my son. I wasn’t breastfed myself – a fact I knew only because my mom took great delight in telling everybody that I never cried as a baby and just stood in my cot waiting for a bottle. We’ll just skip past that little attachment issue in waiting there…In fact, to the best of my knowledge I only ever saw one person breastfeeding during my childhood; a friend of my mom’s giving her newborn twins milk. Now I look back and know how much hard work that would have been and I’m slightly in awe!

Of course, smugness goes before a fall. Literally, in my case. I fell down the stairs on my due date and damaged my coccyx which set the scene for a really traumatic-feeling end to my pregnancy, and my labour couldn’t have deviated further from my birth plan if it had tried. It traumatised me so much it nearly stopped any future children from being considered, and it definitely impacted on my ability to bond with my son in those early days. Frankly, I wanted nothing more than to hide in bed until all the pain went away. So having a baby who didn’t immediately latch on and do something “natural” was more than I had the ability to cope with at that point. I just didn’t have the stamina or desire to add fighting to feed my baby into the mix – and it really did feel like a fight. He wouldn’t latch, every position hurt, my nipples hurt, my coccyx hurt, my stitches hurt, I was too anaemic to sit upright. In my drug, hormone and tiredness addled state I thought expressing would be the best option in the short-term. So that’s what I started to do. My very first time at the pump produced about 10mls of colostrum which would have been great except it was red, so of course I thought I was poisoning my baby with infected milk. It really wasn’t easy this parenting lark.

I carried on pumping, putting baby to the breast as often as I felt I could which in hindsight is nowhere nearly enough to have done anything particularly useful. And I carried on pumping. And I carried on thinking that we’d crack breastfeeding soon. And I carried on pumping. And I started to think that perhaps one of us just couldn’t do it. And I carried on pumping. And I stopped putting him to the breast. And I carried on pumping. And I carried on pumping.

Thankfully I responded well to the pump. I could nearly always keep up with his demand, despite him taking so much milk each day. He was diagnosed with reflux and drank milk to soothe the pain, invariably vomiting it across the room in an exorcist-style propulsion of milk and mucous. When your hard-pumped milk was so rapidly discarded there really was a point in crying over spilt milk.

I don’t know how I kept up the regime of expressing for 5 months. One of the overriding memories I have of those early months with him is frantically rocking his bouncer to stop him crying while I urged my boobs to be faster at filling those bloody bottles. It was intense. Having gone through the newborn period with two subsequent children I’m filled with regret at how much I missed with the pump-feed-wash-sterilise routine. Even more regret that I was never told things that would have eased the intensity of exclusive pumping – like the fact you don’t need to sterilise breast pump paraphernalia! (note: current NHS guidelines have been revised to say that now it is recommended to sterilise breastmilk equipment).

My husband was as supportive as he could have possibly been and made it as easy as he could possibly have made it (apart from that one fatal misunderstanding where he binned an entire freezer drawer full of milk stash – that one still smarts!) but he didn’t ‘get’ it. It would have been really nice to be able to talk to people who had been there. People who had breastfed, people who had expressed, people who I didn’t mind being vulnerable in front of. But there was nobody. None of my friends had yet had children and my family weren’t breastfeeders. Even the most well-intentioned support doesn’t quite hit the spot when it’s from somebody with no experience of the issue.

Years have passed and more babies have happened. After success feeding my second-born I trained as a breastfeeding peer supporter and have been volunteering at community support groups for several years. She was breastfed until the hallowed WHO guidance of 2 years, self-weaning shortly after her birthday. My third-born is showing no signs of stopping, we’ll address weaning if and when it becomes a problem. A small, irrational part of me probably thinks longer-term breastfeeding makes amends for the fiasco that was my son’s first months. The bigger, more rational part of me knows that’s bobbins and I did the best I could have done, which is all any of us can do, really, isn’t it?

Vitamin K & The Newborn

V I T A M I N  K  A N D  T H E  N E W B O R N

Babies are born with proportionally low vitamin K. We don’t know why yet, although there’s a few theories that it could be due to babies being born without all their systems fully functioning, or some kind of residual consequence of some other mother-baby mechanism. As mothers need to be intaking high doses of vitamin K for it to pass through breastmilk in sufficient quantities to protect their baby it seems unlikely to be an evolutionary response although my anthropological days were left behind at uni so, I may well be wrong.

Vitamin K helps blood to clot and prevent uncontrolled bleeding. Due to low vitamin K in babies, they’re at risk of something called ‘Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding’ or VKDB. Some of these at risk babies have known risk factor but about a third don’t. This includes what type of birth the baby experienced, as it had been mooted at one point that assisted deliveries and caesareans increased the risk.

We started giving babies vitamin K after a Swedish study in 1944 was released which showed a 5 times reduction in newborn deaths of 2-8 day old babies due to uncontrolled bleeding. Manufacturing and commerciality interests pushed the dose given higher which triggered their own problems in the baby, so the dose was reduced back down and remains at 1mg although this is still twice as much as was given in the original study. At this time it was only being given to babies with suspected risk factors of bleeding, however in 1978 a study was released which discovered that late onset VKDB was a problem for exclusively breastfed babies and very quickly it became policy to universally offer to administer vitamin K. A small study did indicate that parents who refused to give their babies a vitamin K dose could raise the levels of vitamin K sufficiently to pass through breastmilk at protective quantities by the mother taking a supplement of at least 5mg daily.

Vitamin K is usually given via one injection within 24 hours of birth, although parents have the option to have oral doses given instead. If given orally this is done over the course of 3 doses, 2 of which are normally given to the parents to give at home. Side effects of the injection are a potential allergic reaction to the ingredients, or a small reaction at the site of the injection, plus of course a small amount of pain when carrying out the injection itself. The oral dose isn’t quite as effective at minimising the risk of VKDB and there’s the potential for further doses to be forgotten to be given in the sometimes chaotic environment of a newborn household.

One of the concerns some parents have about vitamin K doses is that a 1992 study was released that indicated an increased risk of cancer in children. Helpfully most UK health authorities and authoritative bodies made no official statements to help families make their decisions but instead fence-sat and passed the buck spectacularly to parents. Further studies showed that the risk of tumours remained the same whether children received vitamin K or not, however remained unclear about the increased risk of developing leukaemia. However, the most recent studies and reviews have concluded categorically that there are no links between vitamin K and an increase of cancer of any types.

So what are the actual statistical risks we’re looking at? The most recent studies show the numbers as follows:

  • Untreated babies risk of developing VKDB: 4.4-10.5 per 100,000
  • Oral treatment: 1.4-6.4 per 100,000
  • Intramuscular treatment: 0-0.62 per 100,000

Although small risks anyway, by choosing vitamin K to be given by injection the risks are all but eliminated.

If you choose to decline vitamin K there are things that you should watch out for in your baby. These are:

  • Active bleeding from the nose, mouth, gums, umbilical stump or any treatment site (heel prick test for example)
  • Blood present in urine, faeces, or vomit
  • Unexplained bruising or bigger than expected bruising (at a vaccination site for example)
  • – The fontanelle (soft spot of the head) appearing different to normal (which could indicate bleeding on the brain)
  • If baby starts acting differently; although this is a particularly difficult one as baby’s not been around long enough to have a ‘norm’.

As an aside, some trusts will refuse to divide a tongue tie if your baby hasn’t received vitamin K, so something to bear in mind.

As ever, this is my interpretation of what I’ve read and understood, and so any mistakes are my own only. My resources for this topic are below.

NICE Guidelines

Evidence Based Birth

Article with paediatrician E Hey in BMJ